Castoreum (Beaver Glands)

Castoreum / Beaver glands /Beaver glands tincture (Сured for 1 year)
Info
Beaver's country of origin - Russia, Moscow region
Castoreum drying time (25 °C / 77 °F) - 1 - 1,5 years (Until the completion of mass loss)
The amount of tincture obtained from 100g of the glands ~ 2,5-3 liters (Dark brown color)
Most pairs of sacs are over 50 grams and under 150 grams.
Price - 1,8 USD/g (Fully dried weight)

In medicine:
Castoreum is a substance collected from the glands of Canadian, European, and Siberian beavers. People take castoreum for anxiety, restless sleep, and as a calming agent. Women take it to start their menstrual periods or treat painful periods.
In Russia, castoreum tincture is used as an immunity support for 1 teaspoon of tincture per day. You can read more in my forum thread (my nickname Beaver-Practic): https://trapperman.com/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/7862632

For perfumes:
They can be tinctured as-is in 70-96% alcohol (ethanol) for the preparation of Castoreum. Castor sacs can be tinctured in alcohol for 1 to 6 months and filtered for use in perfume and incense.They are often tinctured at a ratio of 1 part Castors to 9 parts alcohol for a 10% tincture.

Wikipedia info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castoreum
Castoreum /kæsˈtɔːriəm/ is a yellowish exudate from the castor sacs of mature beavers. Beavers use castoreum in combination with urine to scent mark their territory. Both beaver sexes have a pair of castor sacs and a pair of anal glands, located in two cavities under the skin between the pelvis and the base of the tail. The castor sacs are not true glands (endocrine or exocrine) on a cellular level, hence references to these structures as preputial glands, castor glands, or scent glands are misnomers.
It is used as a tincture in some perfumes and was sometimes used as a food additive in the early 1900s.

At least 24 compounds are known constituents of beaver castoreum. Several of these have pheromonal activity, of which the phenols 4-ethylphenol and catechol and the ketones acetophenone and 3-hydroxyacetophenone were strongest. Five additional compounds elicit a weaker response: 4-methylcatechol, 4-methoxyacetophenone, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, salicylaldehyde, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. There are also oxygen-containing monoterpenes such as 6-methyl-l-heptanol, 4,6-dimethyl-l-heptanol, isopinocamphone, pinocamphone, and two linalool oxides and their acetates. Other compounds are: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, borneol, o-cresol, 4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone, hydroquinone, phenol. All those compounds are gathered from plant food. It also contains nupharamine alkaloids and castoramine, and cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diol.
Thus, the composition of the studied extracts contains components of coniferous trees, primarily spruce, steroids, fatty acids, phenols, nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds.

Use

In perfumery
In perfumery, the term castoreum refers to the resinoid extract resulting from the dried and alcohol
tinctured beaver castor. The dried beaver castor sacs are generally aged for two or more years to mellow.

Castoreum is largely used for its note suggesting leather, typically compounded with other ingredients including top, middle, and base notes. Some classic perfumes incorporating castor are Emeraude, Chanel Antaeus, Cuir de Russie, Magie Noire, Lancôme Caractère, Hechter Madame, Givenchy III, Shalimar, and many "leather" themed compositions.

In food
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive.In 1965, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's GRAS program (FEMA 2261 and 2262) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid.